9 September 2020
It has long been known that living organisms develop and function using encoded information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In terms of its chemical structure, it is a combination of two strands composed of nucleic acids, connected by hydrogen or sulfur bridges. Specific proteins, such as DNA transcriptases, participate in transcription, the reading of the information contained within. A slightly different high-molecular-weight acid, RNA, is an auxiliary element used in cells to transport information within their interior. It consists not of a double-stranded helix, but of a single strand. It is also based on nucleic acids, with the minor difference that thymine in DNA is replaced by uracil in RNA. Proteins encoded using DNA form the tissues of the entire organism, which are based on a skeleton, chemical structures, and carbon compounds (m.a. ~12 u). However, approaching all these phenomena from an information technology perspective, in the case of living organisms, we are simply dealing with strictly mathematically programmed functional systems, in which information transfer is a language based not on electrical phenomena in semiconductors, but rather on a chemical language. As for the chemical structure itself, thanks to which such processes take place, it can also be used to store information that has nothing to do with further transcription occurring within the living cell.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a macromolecular molecule that enables the transmission of personal characteristics in nature. Large amounts of DNA are found in the cell nucleus, where its duplication, or replication, also occurs. All enzymatic and protein secretion processes involving DNA take place in the aquatic environment. In the primordial soup of the oceans, which existed early in Earth's existence, molecules combined into increasingly complex chemical compounds to create substances capable of replicating themselves into identical forms, which were the origins of bacteria. This may also have happened on countless planets beyond the solar system. Particles that were initially mere atoms began to exhibit the astonishing ability to replicate themselves from basic elements, eventually becoming multicellular organisms, both animals and plants. RNA (mRNA?messenger RNA and transport tRNA) participates directly in DNA transcription. Enzymes such as polymerase and other enzymes that build or read genetic information from the cell's basic DNA code play a significant role in the transcription process. In terms of its chemical structure, DNA consists of four components: cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine. Cytosine binds only to guanine in the DNA double helix, and adenine only to thymine. The double helix also contains phosphate residues and sugars: deoxyribose in DNA, and ribose in RNA. In RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil, another nucleotide that differs from thymine in the lack of a methyl group in the double bond. DNA, as a carrier of genetic information, may be widespread even in the solar system; humanity has not yet explored the most promising reservoirs of life, the meanders on moons and planets where DNA could have been preserved and perhaps even evolved into more complex forms. Beyond the solar system, it is certain that DNA exists on many planets, as many planets have already been discovered that have favorable conditions for the development of life based on this chemical compound, and thus for biological life as we know it here on Earth. Looking at the overall development of life on our planet, we can draw certain conclusions regarding the development of organic life on other planets outside our solar system. It may have been similar, though certainly not in every detail. If humans ever have the technological maturity to visit these planets in person, they will see how accurate these assumptions are. What dictated the very possibility of such a course and development of situations on many planets as we observe on Earth, for example, or whether other scenarios for the planet's development and history were possible, we may never know. However, from the moment matter appeared in space, if matter had no beginning, because it is eternal, these processes were already pre-programmed. The gravitational constant, the magnetic and electrical permeability of the vacuum, and all this data were programmed into the world around us and are not random. If they were random, chaos would reign over the cosmos, and no life could have arisen, much less persisted for any length of time. Life in space based on DNA could result from the universality of natural laws and the availability of specific substrates for planet formation from stellar processes. Many millions of years had to pass before exploding stars produced the appropriate diversity of building materials for the emergence of planets and their oceans. The longer the universe exists, the greater the likelihood that individual civilizations will overcome fundamental barriers to interstellar and intergalactic communication, exchanging experiences and mutually reinforcing technology, leading to galactic federations, etc. The longer the cosmos exists, the greater the distances increase due to the expansion of galaxies, but in reality, we don't know whether, in a few billion years, this expansion will encounter other objects from a different expansion. We don't know what the radius of visibility from telescopes is; it is predicted that the universe is a sphere with a radius of about 46 billion light-years, of which the visible universe is a sphere of about 13 billion light-years. However, these data are constantly being challenged, and practically every decade someone adds something to these values. We simply cannot see beyond the optical terminator. It is there that interesting things can happen, and our understanding of the cosmos may undergo a significant redefinition. In such a vast universe, it would be impossible if the situation on Earth weren't repeated. In our galaxy alone, there are approximately hundreds of billions of stars. Each star usually harbors at least one planet. There are planets not gravitationally bound to any object?so-called free planets. However, the best objects seem to be planets around K, M, and G stars, where the amount of light and the zones favorable to life are within the appropriate parameters. Main sequence stars are stars like the Sun. Did someone design DNA despite evolution, or did someone manipulate the development of life on Earth and now wait for the results of their experiment to return to them, to the stars? Perhaps this is true, and we are participating in a global experiment that we did not initiate, but we can fail this test and actually return to our stellar home, where our roots originate. There are many speculations, but until humanity masters the next step?a method of seamless travel between star systems?the situation will not improve significantly.
